How It Works
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into multiple tissue types. Their therapeutic potential comes primarily from their paracrine signaling — they secrete growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles that modulate inflammation, promote tissue repair, and recruit other healing cells to damaged areas.
MSCs can be derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord tissue (Wharton's jelly), and other sources. Each source has different characteristics and potential advantages.
Benefits
- Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects
- Promotion of tissue regeneration and repair
- Potential joint and cartilage restoration
- Neuroprotective properties in preclinical studies
- Anti-aging effects through systemic signaling
Side Effects
- Injection site reactions — pain, swelling
- Mild fever — within 24-48 hours of treatment
- Headache — occasionally reported
- Risk of infection — if clinic protocols are inadequate
- Theoretical risk of ectopic tissue formation — not observed in clinical studies